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alternative: ⌣ ludus vs. paidia
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from 📖 Gameful second and foreign language teaching and learning﹕ Theory, research, and practice
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also:
Roger Caillois, the French psychological anthropologist, has divided the world’s games (using that word in its broadest sense to include every form of pleasurable activity) into four broad classes, depending on the kind of experiences they provide. Agon includes games that have competition as their main feature, such as most sports and athletic events; alea is the class that includes all games of chance, from dice to bingo; ilinx, or vertigo, is the name he gives to activities that alter consciousness by scrambling ordinary perception, such as riding a merry-go-round or skydiving; and mimicry is the group of activities in which alternative realities are created, such as dance, theater, and the arts in general.
— 📖 Flow - The Psychology of Optimal Experience
- agon
- alea
- mimicry
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gets a little wild and questionable:
- > Keirsey’s temperaments correlate with the well known Myers-Briggs type indicators, and like that taxonomy, were derived from Jungian psychology and the ancient Greek temperaments of Plato, the humors of Galen, and the four elements of earth, air, fire, and water. The four temperaments have had a great impact on Western psychology and personality theory, and show up in everything from Harry Potter Hogwarts houses (Rowling 1997) to experiential learning theory (Kolb 1984)
- book itself also follow with a paragraph on criticism